In “A Frayed History: The Journey of Cotton in India”, authors Meena Menon and Uzramma write of both the extreme riches and hardship that can be experienced from growing and trading the fiber. While tracing more than a century of history, the book could have well been written to describe the cotton market of today, which is at an inflection point of either making new highs or giving up all it has gained for the year.
New York-traded cotton has lost nearly 14 percent since hitting four-year highs of 96.49 cents a lb on ICE Futures US in June.
In Monday’s trade, cotton was the fourth largest loser among 60 macro and commodities futures tracked by Barchart, with the key December contract on ICE dropping 2.5 percent to settle at 82.76 per lb. Despite the sheer slide of the past two months, US cotton is still up six percent on the year.
Investing.com’s daily technicals call for a “Strong Sell” on the December contract, with Fibonacci patterns placing strong support at 80.22. A “Buy” is indicated once the contract slips below the 200-day moving average of 81.52, meaning a technical rebound could be imminent.
But some long-time market watchers like Shawn Hackett think prices need to sink another 10 percent to around 75 cents a lb before strong recovery sets in.
The last time US cotton traded at the 75-cent level was in February. The market also began January at 78.66 cents per lb, which means a drop to 75 would wipe out all of this year’s gains.
“The 200-day moving average is an area a lot of people use to chart the market’s potential pivot,” said Hackett, who tracks cotton and other crop futures at his Hackett Financial Advisors in Boca Raton, Florida.
“I’d say major support is 75 cents because the market always tends to overreact,” added Hackett. “It always treats things worse than what they are supposed to be. Even though we’ve had a correction, our smart money signal is still neutral to bearish as we move into harvest period.”
H1 2018: A Tale of Mixed Fortunes
This year’s cotton market is a tale of two parts: at first, challenging weather in the United States and India—the third and second largest growers, respectively—pushed prices to 2014 peaks. Later, rains reduced crop stress, and the impact of the strong dollar and tariffs on imports by China—No. 1 cotton producer and consumer—led to demand destruction.
The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) added to the market’s bearish touch on Friday with an updated 2018/19 production outlook pegged at 19.24 million bales, well above the average trade expectation for 18.39 million and above the top end of the range of estimates of 18-19 million.
The USDA said domestic ending stocks of cotton rose to 4.6 million bales from 4.0 million bales. While export demand also rose, it wasn’t enough to make up for the bigger supplies.
“The world data showed that major exporters would have less cotton, but the change was not real big,” said Jack Scoville, analyst at Chicago brokerage Price Futures Group. “Speculators were the biggest sellers after the reports were released, and they probably have a lot more selling to do this week as they have held major long positions until now.”
As for weather, he said conditions were favorable in the US Delta and Southeast growing areas, while they would remain hot and dry from West Texas to further West. In India, rains have been below normal, but generally good enough to support crops.
The trade will also be keeping a close watch on demand, Scoville said. “Weekly US export sales reports have been good so far, but China has mostly been absent. There is talk that China will find a way to buy US Cotton as it will need the quality. The market needs to factor in the higher-than-expected production and overall supplies first, then the rally might be able to resume.”
For now, the path of least resistance was lower, ADM Investor Services said in a note on cotton issued Monday.
“With plenty of bearish news and managed money (fund) traders net long 86,360 contracts, the market looks set for additional long liquidation ahead,” it added.